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Zeroth law of thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics was established by Ralph H. Fowler in 1930. This law was formulated long after the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics had been widely recognized. But since this law was considered to be of primary importance. So it was named as zeroth law of thermodynamics. This law … Read more

Concept of heat and work Work  The product of force and displacement is known as work. i.e., Work = Force × Displacement W = F × ℓ Consider a gas enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston. Suppose, a = area of cross section of the cylinder. p = pressure of the piston … Read more

Thermodynamic Processes Thermodynamics deals with changes that occur in the properties of a system when the system goes from one equilibrium state to another. Such a change in the values of properties of a system is called a process. Alternatively, when a thermodynamic system changes from one state to another, the operation is called a … Read more

State and path functions and their differentials State of the system State of a thermodynamic system is described by its measurable or macroscopic (bulk) properties. • When the fundamental properties such as pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles and composition have definite values, the system is said to be in any definite state. • When … Read more

Definition of Thermodynamic Terms and Types of System Introduction to Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is formed by combination of two Greek words – ‘therme‘ and ‘dynamikos‘. The word ‘therme’ means “heat” and ‘dynamikos’ stands for “power or motion”. i.e., the flow of heat is called thermodynamics Definition of Thermodynamics The branch of physical chemistry that deals with … Read more